Golden Globe Nominations: 1. Tell us what you think about this feature. - SuspenseAwards and Nominations: Oscars: 2 (Writing) United Kingdom. Golden Globe Nominations: 1. He still takes on commission work for individual lights, as well as lighting systems and plans. You've got some great performances from soul legends James Brown, Aretha Franklin, and Ray Charles, while Landis's flair for the over-the-top sees every background extra shouting and dancing wildly. Over the course of 15 years of filmmaking, Nolan has gone from low-budget independent films to working on some of the biggest blockbusters ever made. David Cronenberg, also known as the King of Venereal Horror or the Baron of Blood, was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in 1943. BAFTA Nominations: 8 BAFTA Awards: 0 Fincher left ILM to direct TV commercials Film Specialties: - Crime BAFTA Awards: 0 Konstantin Stanislavski Andre Antoine Edward Gordon Craig Max Reinhardt Vsevolod Meyerhold Erwin Piscator Bertolt Brecht Tyrone Guthrie Elia Kazan Joan Littlewood Peter Brook Hal Prince Peter Hall Jerzy Grotowski Eugenio Barba Ariane Mnouchkine Trevor Nunn Robert Wilson Robert LePage Georg II b.1826- d.1914 He had a comfortable, middle-class upbringing in nearby Film Specialties: - War Stay up to date on the latest in technology with Daily Tech Insider. Stanley Kubrick Stanley Kubrick was born on July 26, 1928, in Manhattan, New York City, United States. Technical directors inspect audio and visual equipment, lighting systems for productions, and other technical processes. BAFTA Awards: 0 Un long dimanche de fianailles. Since then, Microsoft has come back with a vengeance. Now, with the pharmaceutical industry moving to personalized medicine, 23andMe is in a great position, holding a huge amount of data that it can leverage to create an individualized approach to healthcare. - Comedy His father, Tony Tarantino, is an Italian-American actor and musician from New York, and his mother, Connie (McHugh), is a nurse from Tennessee. With phishing-based credentials theft on the rise, 1Password CPO Steve Won explains why the endgame is to 'eliminate passwords entirely. Then there is the story he has told about being rejected for a job by Kentucky Fried Chicken, after 24 people applied for the job and 23 were hired except for him.Failure and perseverance have served him well. "There's no ventilation, and it stinks like hell. From there, he went to Rockhurst High School. He then drove a truck to support his Film Specialties: - Action He has been married to Hong Chen since 1996. He Director | - Romance The film Sunday's Children (1992) depicts a bicycle journey with his father. Golden Globes: 2 Stanley Kubrick was born in Manhattan, New York City, to Sadie Gertrude (Perveler) and Jacob Leonard Kubrick, a physician. - Full Metal Jacket Working with his brother Ethan, screenwriter/director Joel Coen has built a reputation as one of the most visionary and idiosyncratic filmmakers of the late 20th century. - 2001: A Space Odyssey Technical Directors oversee the acquisition and implementation of technology, facilitate the creation of programs and products for end-users and control technical aspects of production, including sound, lighting and equipment. Pay While doing so, he became increasingly interested in American film and decided that was what he wanted to do. His native Rimini and characters like Saraghina (the Ernst Ingmar Bergman was born July 14, 1918, the son of a priest. Alexia Cui Amiee Johnson Andre Allen Andre Allen is a television director. Butterfield started working on work chat app Slack in 2012. BAFTA Nominations: 4 His parents were both of half English and half Irish ancestry. 6 Dolly Shot Spike Lee. BAFTA Awards: 1 BAFTA Nominations: 12 SEE: More Decade in Review coverage (TechRepublic on Flipboard). I believe the most influential tech leader of our era was Steve Jobs. This is what the future of American factory work might look like.. He started working as a photographer for Look Magazine before he directed his first short film in 1951. The son of an engineer, he majored in physics at California State University before switching to English, and eventually dropping out. With a lot of choices in the market, we have highlighted the top six HR and payroll software options for 2023. The film and T.V. Im biased, but the growth of the sharing economy is what inspires me most about the possibility of technology. Swan told CNBC hes confident the technology giant will continue its strong performance in the final months of the year, building off its best quarter ever. BAFTA Nominations: 3 Golden Globes: 4 And yet Antonioni's cinema is also recognized today for defying any easy categorization, with his films ultimately seeming to belong to their own distinctive genre. BAFTA Nominations: 0 They used the games taught to them by fellow cast mate, Paul Sills 's mother, Viola Spolin. Best Directors of All Time Ida Lupino Ida Lupino had a fascinating career. Oscar Nominations: 6 BAFTA Awards: 0 Average hourly wage. Touching 100 million users annually, Khans goal of leveling the playing field is the promise of what technology can be: a tool for positive change. Alexander Adell Alexander L. Stephan Alexandre Ethier Alexandre Ethier is a visual effects supervisor. Forbes Technology Council is an invitation-only community for world-class CIOs, CTOs and technology executives. For the most part, this person has worked in the film industry for a long period of time and has developed a deep understanding of . He is a famous director, actor, writer, and producer. Almodvar couldn't study Alejandro Gonzlez Irritu (ih-nyar-ee-too), born August 15th, 1963, is a Mexican film director.Gonzlez Irritu is the first Mexican director to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director and by the Directors Guild of America for Best Director. Akira Kurosawa's approach to storytelling influenced George Lucas. BAFTA Nominations: 5 - Western Rometty has led IBMs transition to a data company and made cognitive computing the center of its strategy for the future with Watson in several verticals. - Adventure Golden Globe Nominations: 1. He was born in Galveston, Texas to lumberman Charles Shelton Vidor and his wife Kate Wallis. Jack Dorsey, CEO of Twitter, is the influential tech leader of our era. - Dr. Strangelove or: How I learned to Stop Worrying and Love the BombAwards and Nominations: Oscars: 1 He, along with the other members of the "Compass Players" including Elaine May, Paul Sills, Byrne Piven, Joyce Hiller Piven and Edward Asner helped start the famed "Second City Improv" company. In 2014, IBM and Inspur collaborated to develop a new hardware system with IBM supplying software, processors, chips and support. Joe and Myra were Vaudevillian comedians with a popular, ever-changing variety act, giving Keaton an eclectic and interesting upbringing. - Science Fiction Notable Movies: - Spartacus They have two children. Wings is a 1927 and 1929 American silent film known for winning the first Academy Award for Best Picture.The film stars Clara Bow, Charles "Buddy" Rogers, and Richard Arlen.Rogers and Arlen portray World War I combat pilots in a romantic rivalry over a woman. Together with Fellini, Bergman and Kurosawa, Michelangelo Antonioni is credited with defining the modern art film. He is a VMware Certified Design Expert (VCDX007) and serves as a partner and trusted adviser to customers of the virtualization tech provider, primarily in EMEA. - SuspenseAwards and Nominations: Oscars: 4 Herbert Clark Hoover, the 31st president of the United States, was a civil engineer before taking a seat in the White House. Steven Spielberg Producer | Schindler's List One of the most influential personalities in the history of cinema, Steven Spielberg is Hollywood's best known director and one of the wealthiest filmmakers in the world. Ma announced he was stepping down as chairman on his 55th birthday in September. - Crime In the miniseries Private Confessions ( ***** $43 per hour. Accused variously by detractors of being anticommunist, male chauvinist, antiSemitic and Mel Columcille Gerard Gibson was born January 3, 1956 in Peekskill, New York, USA, as the sixth of eleven children of Hutton Gibson, a railroad brakeman, and Anne Patricia (Reilly) Gibson (who died in December of 1990). Joel Steven Andrew Soderbergh was born on January 14, 1963 in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, the second of six children of Mary Ann (Bernard) and Peter Soderbergh. and "Who are the best technical directors?" then this list is the perfect resource for you. These three uncommon characters were all editors for Grand Royal Magazine as well, under the Jim Sheridan is the father of Irish Actress Amira Sheridan . The lessons he learned from the dark days at Alibaba were that you dont give up and when youre small you have to rely on your brain, not your strength, said Laura DiDio, principal of tech research firm and consultancy ITIC. Over the past 10 years, Jassy has helped turn AWS into a more than $14 billion business, according to Time magazine. Duncan Epping, CTO, VMware. Poet. Film, television, and theatrical productions have a technical director who is the most senior "technical person.". - North by NorthwestAwards and Nominations: Oscars: 0 - Science FictionAwards and Nominations: Oscars: 0 Having made films in Poland, Britain, France and the USA, he is considered one of the few truly international filmmakers. Roman Polanski is a Polish film director, producer, writer and actor. After leading walkouts at Google over diversity and accountability, she reinvented herself as an AI ethicist, elevating awareness of algorithmic bias and sparking a backlash against black box systems. BAFTA Nominations: 23 (3 for Acting) He broke into films as a screenwriter in 1929 and wrote scripts for many Film Specialties: - Drama Its acquisition of Nokia was expensive and provided no value. David Fincher was born in 1962 in Denver, Colorado, and was raised in Marin County, California. After showing an inclination for literature at an early Joel Daniel Coen is an American filmmaker who regularly collaborates with his younger brother Ethan. Technical Director. Costume Design. Technical Directors in America make an average salary of $131,719 per year or $63 per hour. Golden Globe Nominations: 12. Although North America is a tough market for Huawei right now, the company is making inroads in the Asia-Pacific region but also in Australia and New Zealand, and next up are South America, Africa, the Middle East, and western Europe, DiDio said. Golden Globes: 3 In August 2011, Cook was named Apple's new CEO, taking over the position from Jobs, who died in October 2011 after a years-long . BAFTA Nominations: 0 Golden Globes: 2 The company has made significant advances in deep learning and AI, and GPU deep learning has ignited modern AI, with the GPU acting as the brain of computers, robots and self-driving cars. Here is a list of 15 influential leaders from across the tech landscape. 15 most influential tech leaders of the decade. Golden Globes: 0 Benioff is considered a major catalyst in the rise of cloud computing, building a hosted software model on the Salesforce cloud and spearheading the pay-per-use model. Roman Polanski was born in Paris in 1933.His parents returned to Poland from France in 1936, three years Quentin Jerome Tarantino was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. - Maddison Long, CloudOps, Great technology is defined by how it has changed the way we live in the world. While Amazon seeks to build on its lead as the world's marketplace, Shopify is empowering every other. Our panel of critics picks out the film-makers who are leading the way. Oscar Nominations: 3 It would be remiss to have a list of tech visionaries without including the CEO of one of the most valuable brands in the world. "Pouring new wine into the bottle of the Western, Peckinpah explodes the bottle", observed critic Pauline Kael. Alexandre Touguet This designer has his hands in several pots. Larisa Sheptiko (6 January, 1938 - 2 June, 1979) She is one of the very women directors of Ukraine, who got some amount of recognition outside her country for her brilliant work. His father was an officer in the Royal Engineers and the family followed him as his career posted him throughout the United Kingdom Film Specialties: - Action - Sheldon Monteiro, Publicis Sapient. Young Griffith grew up with his father's romantic war stories and melodramatic nineteenth-century literature that were to eventually shape his movies. This article is also available as a download, 15 most influential tech leaders of the decade (free PDF). He is a barbarian at the gate for this generation of data privacy. - The Shining He has influenced everything from digging tunnels more cheaply to connecting brains to machines, space launches, electric cars, rapid transportation, and electricity generation and storageeach time having an opportunity to radically reshape a particular market. BAFTA Awards: 3 There he worked as a journalist and After training as a painter (he storyboards his films as full-scale paintings), Kurosawa entered the film industry in 1936 as an assistant director, eventually making his directorial debut with Sanshiro Sugata (1943). Working as a lift boy on a nightclub with such features as comic sketches and striptease dancing, Kitano saw Preston Sturges' own life is as unlikely as some of the plots of his best work. The duo met in film school but Hollywood took notice when they released Half Nelson starring Ryan Gosling. He has been married to Michle Ray-Gavras since 1968. - Drama BAFTA Awards: 1 He was greatly influenced by Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Shakespeare and Ibsen plays he had seen at the age of 12, and became a friend of director Max Reinhardt. Film Specialties: - Crime 8. Tai Smith. He had two older siblings, William Hitchcock (born 1890) and ***** The film and T.V. Initially grew up wanting to be a violinist, but while at the University of Vienna decided to study law. They made Raising Arizona, Barton Fink, Fargo, The Big Lebowski, True Grit, O Brother Where Art Thou?, Burn After Reading, A Serious Man, Inside Llewyn Davis, Hail Caesar and other projects. Having made films in Poland, Britain, France and the USA, he is considered one of the few truly international filmmakers. In 2018, he orchestrated the $6.5 billion deal for MuleSoft, which brings together disparate software applications, data, and devices. After graduating from the University of One of seven children, Frank Capra was born on May 18, 1897, in Bisacquino, Sicily. When he was 12 his family moved to Los Angeles where he became a fan of MAD magazine. He was a writer and director, known for The Hustler (1961), All the King's Men (1949) and Alexander the Great (1956). and "Who are the best technical directors?" He was born into a wealthy family. Before Jassy, the idea of renting computing power from another company was unheard of, and now these companies all rely on AWS for their survival, Forbes said. Ratan Tata is a well-known Indian industrialist and the former charman of Indian multinational conglomerate Tata Sons. - SuspenseNotable Movies: - Goodfellas As a boy he helped out on stage productions for his mother's friend, Isadora Duncan (the scarf that strangled her was made by his mother's company, Maison Desti). Earlier that year, Inspur also became a member of IBMs OpenPower Foundation, an alliance dedicated to developing Power Chip architecture. - Magdiel Rodriguez, Alivi, Salman Khan, founder of Khan Academy, may not be an obvious tech leader, but he is my choice for the most influential because he effectively used technology to make the world a better place by bringing education to the masses for free. - SuspenseAwards and Nominations: Oscars: 0 He might not be a tech professional but he does influence almost every industry, so I think he is the most influential tech leader in our era. He is a director and writer, known for Z (1969), Missing (1982) and Amen. - Rear Window Film Specialties: - Horror Although . Hoping that a change of scenery would Robert Bresson trained as a painter before moving into films as a screenwriter, making a short film (atypically a comedy), Public Affairs (1934) in 1934. According to a survey conducted in the third quarter of 2022, Walt Disney had a fame rating of 97 percent,. Here is the list of the great directors who died early in their careers. - Science FictionAwards and Nominations: Oscars: 0 His next TV title, Personnel ( Samuel Alexander Mendes was born on August 1, 1965 in Reading, England, UK to parents James Peter Mendes, a retired university lecturer, and Valerie Helene Mendes, an author who writes children's books. in English, class of '75. The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King were nominated for and collected a slew of awards from around the globe, with The *****Film Specialties: - Fantasy You essentially cant have a list of tech visionaries and not include Bezos, although, arguably, many of his accomplishments in the 2010s were more consumer focused: he launched Amazon Studios in 2010; bought The Washington Post in 2013; and Whole Foods in 2017. Only one Thespian may be involved in the design. He is a director and writer, known for Hero (2002), House of Flying Daggers (2004) and Curse of the Golden Flower (2006). James Francis Cameron was born on August 16, 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. BAFTA Awards: 1 Great directors make an impact on the history of filmmaking, introducing a style and a technical approach that becomes trademark. He created something truly unique and set up growth for Apple for many years to come. Oscar Nominations: 11 She is one of only 3% of women executives in Fortune 500. Other notable films by Garrone are The Embalmer (2002) and Pinocchio (2019). David Benken, whose talent is amazing, has a long list of credits as Technical Director on Broadway including The Little Mermaid, Coram Boy, Mary Poppins, The History Boys, The Woman in White,. This list includes examples of famous or notable technical directors from some of the best films ever to hit the silver screen. They have three children. Melvin is now a technical director for DreamWorks Animation SKG in Glendale, Calif. . - Taxi Driver Originally planning to become a lawyer, Billy Wilder abandoned that career in favor of working as a reporter for a Viennese newspaper, using this experience to move to Berlin, where he worked for the city's largest tabloid. He's not. What theyre doing is investing very heavily in R&D; 15 to 20% of their revenue is going back to that and to security, DiDio said. Expertise from Forbes Councils members, operated under license. Golden Globe Nominations: 3. Golden Globe Nominations: 8, Director | Group, When you look at all the companies, brands and organizations you interact with on a daily basis, you will be hard-pressed to find one that Jeff Bezos doesnt influence, whether directly or indirectly. Within a few years, Kurosawa had achieved sufficient stature to allow him greater Wong Kar-wai (born 17 July 1956) is a Hong Kong Second Wave filmmaker, internationally renowned as an auteur for his visually unique, highly stylised, emotionally resonant work, including Ah fei zing zyun (1990), Dung che sai duk (1994), Chung Hing sam lam (1994), Do lok tin si (1995), Chun gwong Yimou Zhang was born on November 14, 1951 in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. Technical Directors Technical Directors Get Quote Get Listed Stream Philly Philadelphia, Pennsylvania We are a Philadelphia based streaming company that produces multi-camera live streams and remote productions for corporate conferences, internal meetings, quarterly gatherings, and much more. 12. BAFTA Awards: 1 Above all, Rainer Werner Fassbinder was a rebel whose life and art was marked by gross contradiction. His first . Kovio--Technical Director and Professor . Moving to the US in 1926, he started making films in Hollywood for Warner An important British filmmaker, David Lean was born in Croydon on March 25, 1908 and brought up in a strict Quaker family (ironically, as a child he wasn't allowed to go to the movies). Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born in Leytonstone, Essex, England. Tobis people-centric approach to leadership differentiates him from the Jeff Bezoses and Mark Zuckerbergs of this world. - Damian Ehrlicher, Protected IT, The most influential tech leader of our era is Tobi Ltke, CEO and co-founder of Shopify. While Amazon seeks to build on its lead as the worlds marketplace, Shopify is empowering every other small, medium and large business to launch e-commerce stores. Also, LSS was the language in which an entire organization of over 300,000 employees very successfully communicated across the globe. https://youtu.be/t5cnLjaV11oChristmas morning through the eyes of a few of our favourite film directors.Happy Holidays from Fourgrounds. He has an extraordinary number of commercially successful and critically acclaimed credits to his name, either as a director, Film Specialties: - War For managed services providers, deploying new PCs and performing desktop and laptop migrations are common but perilous tasks. In 1947, aged 15, he founded a film club and met Andr Bazin, a French critic, who became his protector. James Ivory ( A Soldier's Daughter Never Cries, Call Me By Your Name. If you guys would like to view my other Top 10/Top 100 lists, feel free to check out my YouTube page and/or my IMDb page at *ChrisWalczyk55*.Thanks guys and don't forget to LIKE & comment! He was so forward-thinking and innovative and utilized out-of-the-box business and product strategies. He became involved in European filmaking for a short time before going to America to Sidney Lumet was a master of cinema, best known for his technical knowledge and his skill at getting first-rate performances from his actors -- and for shooting most of his films in his beloved New York. Ingo-Maurer.com 2. - Jo Peterson, Clarify 360. Although Francis Ford Coppola was born in 1939 in Detroit, Michigan, but grew up in a New York suburb in a creative, supportive Italian-American family. Asked what brought him to Hollywood, he replied "The train". Oscar Nominations: 2 The iPhone and Android continue to dominate in the mobile sphere and Cook has been working to make Apple a company focused on renewable energy, labor, and environmentally -friendly supply chains, as well as user privacy and high-recyclable products, according to Leander Kahney, who authored a 2019 book on Cook. The most famous Soviet film-maker since Sergei Eisenstein, Andrei Tarkovsky (the son of noted poet Arseniy Tarkovsky) studied music and Arabic in Moscow before enrolling in the Soviet film school VGIK. Ingo Maurer Ingo Maurer put his stamp on interior design with his unique lamps and light fixtures, dating back to 1960. He has one younger sister, Letty Aronson. Openly homosexual, he married twice; one of his wives acted in his films and the other served as his editor. Entrepreneurial Business Development Advocate and Cultural and Social Justice Activist Paula Calderon Castillo Fiscal, born in San Antonio, Texas is a direct descendant of Jose Cristobal(Xptoval . Golden Globes: 0 During World War II, his parents were taken away by the Nazis, after being accused of participating in the underground resistance. Sidney Lumet was a master of cinema, best known for his technical knowledge and his skill at getting first-rate performances from his actors -- and for shooting most of his films in his beloved New York. Golden Globe Nominations: 8, Producer | Golden Globes: 0 Oscar Nominations: 21 He has an extraordinary number of commercially successful and critically acclaimed credits to his name, either as a director, Woody Allen was born on November 30, 1935, as Allen Konigsberg, in The Bronx, NY, the son of Martin Konigsberg and Nettie Konigsberg. Volume II Online Now! Microsoft's latest Windows 11 allows enterprises to control some of these new features, which also include Notepad, iPhone and Android news. Its essential to ensure clients understand the necessity of regularly auditing, updating and creating new backups for network switches and routers as well as the need for scheduling the A service level agreement is a proven method for establishing expectations for arrangements between a service provider and a customer. He moved to the United States in 1971. After WWI, he continued his filmmaking career in Austria and Germany and into the early 1920s when he directed films in other countries in Europe. A technical director is sometimes often referred to as a technical manager and is a senior member of a company who is in charge of making technical decisions and handling any administrative changes to do with technical aspects such as software, equipment and technical procedures. But Nadella took over Microsoft from Steve Ballmer in 2014, and Windows 10 was announced later that year. It's about time the rest of the world came to appreciate the genius of Japanese animator Miyazaki, whose films have been breaking box-office records in Japan for years. Connect. Inspur landed in IDCs top five companies worldwide for server revenue and is Chinas leading cloud computing and big data/AI service provider. The ten-time Oscar-nominated legend was born John Marcellus Huston in Nevada, Missouri, on August 5, 1906. He is the most prominent filmmaker in Poland known for The Promised Land (1975), Man of Iron (1981), and Katyn (2007).He was Born on March 6, 1926, in Suwalki, Poland. Martin Charles Scorsese was born on November 17, 1942 in Queens, New York City, to Catherine Scorsese (ne Cappa) and Charles Scorsese, who both worked in Manhattan's garment district, and whose families both came from Palermo, Sicily. Oscar Nominations: 9 Start making short films. Golden Globe Nominations: 3. He served as assistant director for Pier Paolo Pasolini in the film Accattone (1961) and directed The Grim Reaper ( Krzysztof Kieslowski graduated from Ldz Film School in 1969, and became a documentary, TV and feature film director and scriptwriter. He's now . Tyler Perry Tyler Perry (born Emmitt Perry Jr.; September 13, 1969) is an American actor, playwright, filmmaker, and comedian. Without any prior film experience, he was accepted into the Tisch School of the Arts, New York. Now Huawei is getting into the computer game. - Romance Awards and Nominations: Oscars: 4 The son of an engineer, he majored in physics at California State University before switching to English, and eventually dropping out. Technical Director. BAFTA Awards: 0 United Kingdom. Producer |Apocalypse Now BAFTA Awards: 1 To become a director, it is important to get started right away and use any means necessary to make your own films. Golden Globes: 3 Film Specialties: - War Ernst Ingmar Bergman was born July 14, 1918, the son of a priest. Walt Disney and Steven Spielberg are the most famous directors in the United States. - Apocalypse Now He has an extraordinary number of commercially successful and critically acclaimed credits to his name, either as a director, . and movie stars and famous directors drop by for screenings at the 148-seat theater. Roman Polanski was born in Paris on August 18, 1933. He started his Kaige Chen was born on August 12, 1952 in Beijing, China. Golden Globes: 1 He broke into films as a screenwriter in 1929 and wrote scripts for many John Ford came to Hollywood following one of his brothers, an actor. 2. - ComedyAwards and Nominations: Oscars: 2 - Drama - The Departed He served in the U.S. Oliver Stone has become known as a master of controversial subjects and a legendary film maker. BAFTA Nominations: 9 His mother, Aniela Wajda, was a teacher at a Ukrainian school. Barack Obama is comfortably the most followed with Hillary and Bill Clinton in the top 5, but we . Golden Globes: 3 The film was nominated for two European Film Awards. Needless to say, this was basically unheard of in 1950s Hollywood. Matteo Garrone, Pinocchio, 2019. Described by film producer Michael Deeley as "the very best eye in the business", director Ridley Scott was born on November 30, 1937 in South Shields, Tyne and Wear. Then-19-year-old Palmer Luckey launched the company on Kickstarter, raising nearly $2.5 million for his virtual reality headset, according to Business Insider. He entered St. Peters Catholic school at the age six, and spent a short time at a Catholic high school. They also typically need several years of experience working on set in film, TV, stage, or other productions in positions such as actors, film and video editors, or cinematographers or in related occupations, such as theater managers.