The climate of the lower-lying South Luangwa and Lower Zambezi National Parks is considerably hotter: temperatures rise by about 6C for every 1,000m you descend (or 3.5F per 1,000ft). Zambia is divided into three agro-ecological zones with distinct mean annual rainfall, ranging from 600mm to 1200mm. STUDY OF SOIL Relief rainfall occurs in all altitudes; Rain occurs on the Windward side and little/no rain on the leeward slope. Moderate rain describes . [citation needed], Flooding is an annual event on floodplains, to which people and wildlife are adapted. Flooding in some parts of Lusaka. The rainfall here is around 1131 mm | 44.5 inch per year. She writes for national newspapers, magazines, Rough Guides and Lonely Planet. Rain - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia to 716 pp (EUR), Zambia: None of the country is considered arid or to be desert. Species susceptible to trypanosomiasis are not found in such valleys. This ecoregion predominates in the wettest part of the country, across the northern part of both 'lobes' of the country . Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. The western part of Zambia that borders Angola is significantly warmer. Philip is the Zambia expert for SafariBookings and author of more than 20 guidebooks to Africa. On the lee side of the similar mountain range, rainfall usually becomes low, and the area is in a rain shadow. Authorities indicated that this year's crop damage has been more extensive that those of other past flood seasons. Once over the top of the mountain the air will usually drop down the other side, warming as it does so. Light rain describes rainfall which falls at a rate of between a trace and 2.5 millimetres (0.098 in) per hour. The Zambia Meteorological Department has warned of more flash floods and heavy fall in North-western, Central, Copperbelt and Lusaka Provinces. Copy. This ecoregion is made up of grassland and shrubland, with a great variety of orchids and wildflowers on exposed hills, with forest in narrow valleys and small depressions. What is the impact of humans on the temperate deciduous woodland? Changing rates of rainforest deforestation. Month. The southern African nation of Zambia is experiencing a food crisis, with nearly 2.3 million Zambians at risk of facing starvation as a result of low rainfall. Zambia | Population, Capital, Language, Flag, & Map | Britannica In Barotseland, people move with their livestock, grazing them on the Barotse Floodplain in the dry season and moving to higher ground at the margins during the rainy season. Failure of the rains causes hunger in most cases. Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. What is the structure of the Temperate Deciduous Woodland? AN OVERVIEW OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF AFRICA - Central Connecticut State The Dry season in Zambia is a lovely time to visit its divided into a cooler period (May to August) and a hotter one (September and October). Three types of rainfall are: Convectional rainfall, this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Relief rainfall, also known as orographic rainfall, occurs in areas where land increases height. The north-south highland barrier is interrupted by a major gap, the Turkana gap, between the Ethiopian and the Kenya Highlands (Figure 1). Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Quick NetOne, Telecel, Africom, And Econet Airtime Recharge, Advantages and Disadvantages of wood as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectricity, Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear power as a source of energy, Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy. What is the impact of humans on the savanna? [14] Zambia is considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because the majority of the population rely on agriculture for their livelihoods - and changes in rainfall patterns has a negative impact due to the rainfed nature of production. Open a list of all cookies, Below you can decide which type of cookies you would like to keep switched on. What challenges have been caused by urban growth in Mumbai? Usually the days in November are hot while the nights are a bit cooler. Too much rain when the maize crop is flowering or late in the season when it should be drying off prior to harvest, can be very damaging and promotes rotting of stored grain. As the air rises it starts to condense and cumulonimbus clouds are formed. csee review questions pdf Indeed, the government buys maize from the farmers through the Food Reserve Agency (FRA) for two purposes: for resale to millers in case of a shortage and for relief in hunger stricken areas. In winter, theres hardly any rain and humidity is low. Copy. 2, though only 34 . Zambia covers a total area of 752,612 km2 including borders, and lies between 8 and 18 south latitudes and longitudes 22 and 34 east. Three climate regions are recognized based on rainfall dynamics and vegetation: Region 1: Tropical savannas covering the country's major valleys, including the driest areas of Zambia, with annual rainfall below 600 mm. How has demand for water in the UK changed? Frontal Rainfall. For this answer typeHow does Frontal Rainfall occurs?Miissmeg. [citation needed], Most rivers, lakes and swamps, except in the far south and south-west, are permanent. An estimated total of 1,337 Ha of maize, 62 Ha of rice, 612 Ha of cassava and 8 . The dry season is influenced by the Harmattan wind from the Sahara. pp (EUR), Zambia: Most parts of Zambia will experience normal to above normal rainfall This increased rainfall will likely result in at least average 2016/17 crop production, but may also cause flooding in flood-prone areas of central and southern Sudan. kcse The . Heavy rainfall has caused floods in Zambia, displacing hundreds of people and destroying crops in an area already experiencing a shortage of food. There are three main types of rainfall, convectional rainfall, relief rainfall and frontal rainfall. (4) J2002 The rains are brought by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and are characterised by thunderstorms, occasionally severe, with much lightning and sometimes hail. Here is the average precipitation. Projected Weather and Climate. How did the temperate deciduous woodland get like this? Prevailing winds in the dry season are generally moderate but occasionally more severe and may bring cool dust-laden air from distant arid regions. In Southern Africa, countries have recently experienced malaria epidemics following unusual rainfall. Zambia particularly in the field of gemstone and industrial mineral, which offer great potential. Figure 5 Extent of Desertification in Zambia Figure 6 Annual Rainfall (mm) per Province Figure 7 Maize production (kg) from 1987 to 1999 . The best is that Maphill enables you to look at the same country from many different angles. Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. Three terrestrial biomes are well represented in the country (with an additional one extending a few kilometres over the border). kcse history Safaris, Zimbabwe management effectiveness of the national protected areas system. The leeward side is sometimes known as a rain shadow area. What is the location and importance of Mumbai? It is situated on a high plateau and takes its name from the Zambezi River, which drains all but a small northern part of the country. In south India, the Mangalore is located on the western windward slope and gets 2000 mm of rainfall. The convective storm started when hail 5 to 10 cms diameter hit a number of rural counties. The site is self-funded and your support is really appreciated. Use the images below to explore related GeoTopics. Dry season May to October Winter. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Where does relief rainfall occur? - Answers Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted by severe drought. PDF The Groundwater Resources of Southern Province, Zambia. When the Sun heats the Earth's surface, the ground heats the air above it. Stage 2. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. What are Mumbais social and economic opportunities? What is chemical and mechanical weathering? landforms. Convenctional Rainfall - This type of rain is very common in areas where the ground is heated by the sun. Relief rainfall is when the warm moist air from the sea . Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. There are reports that more than 2 million people may be affected by the damage to agriculture. Tours, Zambia Plains are low relief 70.5. It makes cumulonimbus clouds. Farmers in the east and south of In January the ITCZ is in its southernmost Historically, Zambia has been prone to extreme rainfall events resulting in widespread flooding. The African plateau is underlain primarily by Precambrian rock that dates back to more than 600 years. As a result, rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the . necta csee chemistry past papers Private tourLuxuryLodge & Tented Camp, You Visit: Lusaka (Start), South Luangwa NP, Lower Zambezi NP, Victoria Falls, Lusaka (End), 3.843 Jamaica Case Study, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? How is a cold environment interdependent? As a result, rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the west of the UK. The Rift Valley System (Fig 2.3 page 28) Best Answer. Otherwise temperature by itself is not a great determinant of plant and animal distribution. It also means more runoff, more percolation, and more water erosion. PDF Country profile Zambia - Food and Agriculture Organization 17 Western and north-western India recorded more malaria cases with higher rainfall during La . Prevailing winds are not usually very strong and a lack of a great deal of dry fuel on the ground (since most areas are burnt annually it does not build up) means that the fires are not as devastating as in countries such as Australia and the south-western USA. In the middle to late dry season, bushfires are prevalent, and smoke is noticeable by smell and as a haze. history Over most of South Africa, there is a definite rainfall pattern with rainfall increasing from west to east. Because such fires happen annually, there is no great buildup of dry fuel in the bush, and so the fires are not usually devastating. What is relief rainfall? - Internet Geography Dr. Roland Bumle (BGR) Dr. Christoph Neukum (BGR) Jack Nkhoma (DWA) Oscar Silembo (DWA) Commissioned by: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and If the annual flood is disrupted by dams, woody shrubs of lower nutritional value tend to replace grasses and so reduce the number of herbivores and biodiversity. In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. Heavily Indebted Poor C ountry (HIPC), Zambia has recently qualified for debt relief under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). What are the physical characteristics of cold environments? This is restricted to the highest exposed hills, or more widely in the lower humidity areas of the southernmost parts of the country. Annual maize production in Zambia was on average 1.1 Mt in the period 2000 to 2010, and average yields of about 1.5 t/ha that have not significantly changed over the past 20 years. Average annual rainfall over Zambia has decreased by an average rate of 1.9mm per month per decade since 1960 primarily due to decreases from December to February. This rain flows into rivers and streams and these rivers and streams bring the water back to the sea where the cycle begins again. Humanitarian organizations were already providing life-saving assistance due to drought in some of the areas affected by the floods, especially in southern and western Zambia. necta chemistry past papers which specific area in zambia usually has relief rainfall These losses reach as high as US$7.1 billion under Zambias worst rainfall scenario. Flash floods after unusually heavy rain cause damage when they occur in places that do not experience annual floods. Thus they produce a Rain shadow area. Because such fires happen annually, there is no great buildup of dry fuel in the bush, and so the fires are not usually devastating. Distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, Effects of earthquakes and volcanoes on people and the environment, Reducing the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes, Population and settlement iGCSE Geography, The main causes of a change in population size, A country with a rate of high population growth China, A country which is over-populated Bangladesh, A country which is under-populated Australia, A country with a low rate of population growth or decline Japan. PDF Zambia - irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com Prior to the current 2005/06 season, the ZMD predicted normal to above normal rainfall for most parts of Zambia. Black soils of floodplains are fertile, grasses grow on them as soon as the annual flood recedes and provide a rich resource for herbivores. It comprises an almost impenetrable bush consisting of about a hundred plant species woven together so densely that it is virtually impossible to walk through. Relief rainfall . Acid rain - characterized as containing harmful levels of sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide; acid rain is damaging and potentially deadly to the earth's fragile ecosystems; acidity is measured using the pH scale where 7 is neutral, values greater than 7 are considered alkaline, and values below 5.6 are considered acid precipitation; note - a pH of 2.4 (the acidity of vinegar) has Like most of Southern Africa, Zambia also has rich biodiversity that is conserved in its many protected areas. Did you know rain also occurs as the result of weather fronts and convection? A two-dimensional relief map displays the topography of a given area. History has shown us that the rains are Image by BBC. On average, it rains one in three days in the UK. Copyright 2023 SafariBookings. What is migration and why do people migrate? As the air descends, it warms, meaning it can carry water moisture, so there is little rain on this side of the mountain. chemistry In Zambia this biome is represented by only one ecoregion in a few patches, covering around 5% of the land area. When the Sun heats the Earth's surface, the ground heats the air above it. SafariBookings is the largest online marketplace for African safari tours. It lies on plateau above 2000 m elevation, with grassland and shrubland dominating. Rainfall in South Africa Why is the weather of the UK so changeable? Changes in rainfall and other forms of precipitation will be one of the most critical factors determining the overall impact of climate change.Rainfall is much more difficult to predict than . During the rainy season months of November to April or May some days may be humid, but daily maximum temperatures are usually a little lower than in the hot dry season. What factors affect population density and distribution? Extreme weather in the UK Beast from the East, Extreme Weather in the UK Summer Heatwave 2018. Plants susceptible to frost do not grow in the southern half of the country. Zambia. kcse revision notes Types of Rainfall. A warmer climate with more rainfall means more vegetative cover and more animal action. The leeward side is sometimes known as a rain shadow area. Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Sustainable development in the desert The Great Green Wall. Relief Rainfall. GEOGRAPHY POINT GEOGRAPHY,HISTORY, MAPS AND GIS, EXPLORE THE WORLD OF GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND MAPS AN EDUCATIONAL SITE ABOUT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. Zambia. Western and North Western Zambia: Flood and Crop Situation Report This area is known as a rain shadow. Most of Zambia forms part of the high plateau of this part of Africa (3,000 to 5,000 feet [900 to 1,500 metres] above sea level).Major relief features occur where river valleys and rifted troughs, some lake-filled, dissect its surface. Zambia: Drought Operation Update Report 2, Emergency Appeal n Populations living within the 5 km buffer from the main river systems and wetlands lose their dwellings either due to high levels of river water or structures collapsing due to excess rainfall. All Rights Reserved. . . Coastal Environments CPD Erosional Landforms, Coastal Management and Fieldwork on the Holderness Coast, Coastal Environments CPD Erosional Erosion, Coastal Management, Deposition and Fieldwork on the Holderness Coast, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Internet Geography Plus Terms and Conditions. The main sites are: This biome covers an area of only about 100km on the northern border with Malawi, being an extension of a much larger area in Malawi and Tanzania, and so is frequently not counted as present in Zambia. The Twa people were split into two groups. Safaris, Uganda Last year, the district recorded a 98 per cent reduction in maize production, compared to 2018 and the five-year average. Therefore, a Climate Change Gender Action Plan was published by the government in 2018. How does flooding affect humans and the environment? this is a type of rainfall that occurs when air has blown over the sea and is then being forced up over an area of high land. [citation needed], For the human population, the location of rural settlements is determined by access to water in the dry season (though boreholes are now commonly used to augment supplies). Nigeria - Climatology | Climate Change Knowledge Portal In Ndola, the climate is warm and temperate. Economic opportunities and challenges in Lagos. pp (EUR), Zambia: Climate (unit: 2) By - Pakistan studies 2 O level notes - Facebook As the air rises and cools, the orographic clouds form and serve as the precipitation source, where most falls upwind of the mountain ridge. Development, population change and the demographic transition model, Strategies for reducing the development gap, How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 04:55. Orographic Precipitation - Definition, Examples, Uses, and Orographic Rainfall is the amount of water falling in rain, snow, etc., within a given time and area, usually expressed as a hypothetical depth of coverage. csee review questions Earlier this month, heavy rains left the Chipata Level One Hospital in the capital, Lusaka, completely flooded, leading to the evacuation of some patients. The latter may also survive the dry season through drought-resistant forms. It can occur almost As the air moves over the mountain range and starts to descend, it warms. Answer (1 of 3): Relief rainfall is formed when the air cools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. h) Rainfall falls mainly over a short period of time, about 15 - 20 minutes. The SE Trades are forced to rise by the mountain, cool and condense and rain occurs on the South Eastern slopes or the windward slopes of the mountain. SUSTAINABLE TOURISM The moist warm air condenses as it cool which causes cloud and rain. The coolest area overall is the high Nyika plateau, in the northeast on the border with Malawi. The average number of hot days1 and hot nights per year in Zambia have increased while the When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. Hibernation through the dry season is practiced by some amphibians and invertebrates. . On the plateau (covering about 80% of the country) temperature ranges, depending on location are: Most of the country is frost-free but in some years ground frost occurs. PDF Climate Change in Zambia: Impacts and Adaptation - American University flat and/or in low-lying areas. Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the chief determinant of type and distribution of the ecoregions of Zambia. What is Nigerias location and importance? This low-pressure zone mostly lies over the Democratic Republic of . It is widespread on the west coast of the United Kingdom due to the prevailing weather coming from that direction. How has rainforest vegetation adapted to the climate? Safaris, Rwanda Can the risks of volcanic eruptions be reduced? Weathering and mass movement in river valleys. Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. None of the country is arid. CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION IN THE TENNESSEE VALLEY REGION, Reasons why countries trade with one another, FACTORS INFLUENCING RAINFALL TYPE AND AMOUNT, IMPACT OF LIGHTING AND MEASURES TO COMBAT IT, UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION GEOGRAPHY NOTES, UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION SENIOR SIX GEOGRAPHY NOTES, Abundant supply of moisture through evaporation to air so that relative, Intense heating of the ground surface through incoming shortwave electromagnetic, There should be a mountain barrier across the wind direction, so that the moist air is forced on obstruction to move upward, There should be sufficient moisture in the air. 15,306 views. Types of Rainfall - Relief, Convectional, and Frontal Rainfall The hot surface heats up the air near it causing it to rise. Thirsty animals crowd around the waterholes and rivers to drink. Residential flooding in Zambia from Remote Sensing and Geospatial [citation needed], For the human population, the location of rural settlements is determined by access to water in the dry season (though boreholes are now commonly used to augment supplies). PDF ZAMBIA Livelihood Zones and Descriptions July 2014 - ReliefWeb The plan is concerned with both the development of gender-responsive actions in response to climate change and the capacity to implement such plans. Flooding in some parts of Lusaka. When it cools to the dew point, clouds form and rain follows.This usually occurs on flat land.This type of rainfall often causes summer showers and thunderstorms.. Grasses and some other herbaceous plants dry up above ground but regenerate quickly with the onset of rains from roots and tubers, etc. What is the role of transnational companies in Nigeria? the Western Province are also part of Zone 2.The zone has a total area of 27.4 million ha, of which 87% could be used for agricultural purposes, but only 50% of this is accessible.The remainder has been set aside for national parks, game management areas and forests.Zone 2 is characterised by an annual rainfall Zambias GDP growth rate by 0.4 percentage points per year, which costs the country US$4.3 billion over a 10-year period. The flooding has destroyed crops, including maize, especially in Munyumbwe area in Gwembe District, according to the Governments Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit (DMMU). Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . More About Us. This is because vulnerability to climate shocks was engendered. this type of rainfall occurs due to thermal convention due to heating of the ground surface. The distribution of the biomes and ecoregions is governed mainly by the physical environment, especially climate. The role of termites in building mounds which remain above most of the flood is important as this provides habitats for plants less tolerant of getting waterlogged, as well as safe breeding sites for birds and some animals. Flood in Zambia - Activations - International Disasters Charter wikipedia.en/Climate_of_Zambia.md at main chinapedia/wikipedia.en The annual Frontal rainfall. kcse geography revision notes For animals, adaptations to drought are seen in migration and breeding patterns, as well as the ability, found in rodents and reptiles especially, to obtain water requirements from food without the need to drink. Limestone Case Study Malham, The Yorkshire Dales. civics Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests biome, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome, Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic, Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands. The broad types of soil found in Zambia are: In areas where soils are waterlogged for all or part of the year, or are very infertile, sandy or acidic, they take over from climate as the predominant factor in determining the distribution of plants and animals. Where do volcanoes and earthquakes happen? If you've found the resources on this site useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site.
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